高等植物小孢子胚胎发生的细胞和分子生化机制研究进展

小孢子胚胎发生的细胞学研究已取得了显著进展,并分离鉴定出一些小孢子胚胎发生表达的胚胎专一基因,但小孢子胚胎发生的机理尚未完全明确。综述了高等植物小孢子胚胎发生的细胞学以及分子和生物化学方面的最新研究进展,旨为进一步揭示小孢子的胚胎发生机理提供十分有用的信息。     

Progress and Yield Bottleneck of Aerobic Rice in the North China Plain: A Case Study of Varieties Handao 297 and Handao 502

Aerobic rice has been considered a promising rice cultivation system as water scarcity is increasing in the world. This article summarizes the advances in aerobic rice management researches in the North China Plain, focusing on yield formation and its bottleneck. High-yielding and good-quality aerobic rice varieties adapted to aerobic soil conditions have been released officially and adopted by farmers in North China. The varieties Handao 502 and Handao 297 have been recognized as the most promising varieties reaching a yield level ranging 3.5-5.0 t ha-1 with 450-650 mm water input. Compared with lowland rice, water input in aerobic rice was more than 50% lower, and water productivity was 60% higher. Researches on responses of rice cultivars to nitrate nitrogen （N） and ammonium N supplied at early growth stages provided the first evidence for a preference of aerobic rice HD297 for nitrate N supply, compared with the lowland rice variety. Zinc uptake studies demonstrated that introduction of aerobic rice system on calcareous soils may increase zinc deficiency problems. Sink size was identified as the limitation of aerobic rice yield, because its spikelet number m-2 was too low （20000-24 000） compared with the lowland rice. For future research, more attention is suggested to be paid to yield formation focusing on effects of water regimes on tiller dynamics. Understanding of nutrient uptake and response to fertilization effects are also urgently required to establish optimized crop management technology. Additionally, alternative cropping systems based on aerobic rice should be established, and key sustainability and environmental impact issues in the systems need to be identified.     

Characteristics of a self-assembled fibrillar gel prepared from red stingray collagen

A translucent collagen gel was formed from a transparent acidic solution of red stingray collagen by adjusting to physiological ionic strength and pH in phosphate buffer and then incubating at 25–37°C. During fibril formation from red stingray collagen, the turbidity increased when the NaCl concentration was increased at constant pH and the rate of fibril formation was accelerated by higher pH or lower NaCl concentration. The T _m of red stingray collagen fibrillar gel was estimated as 44.3 ± 3.5°C, which was higher than that of the collagen solution, 33.2°C. In addition, red stingray collagen gel maintained its shape without melting and was suitable for culture of mouse stromal cells at 37°C.     

新农村建设中的集体行动困境及其化解——基于对三明调研的实证分析

在对福建三明市辖区、市、县12个行政村进行调研、广泛收集资料的基础上，分析了三明的农村现状与基础。根据奥尔森的集体行动的逻辑理论，对新农村建设中出现的集体行动困境做了实证分析和理论阐述，并结合调研中的若干认识，最后提出新农村建设的长效机制探索。     

对我国畜牧信息服务业运行机制的研究

本文在论述了加强我国畜牧信息服务业运行机制研究必要性的基础上，对影响我国畜牧信息服务业发展的专业数据库建设及专业数据库建设缓慢的原因等因素进行了分析，对加快我国畜牧信息服务业发展的专业数据库建设、畜牧业信息服务与相关事务处理业务相结合、关注集团用户的信息需求等运行机制进行了相关的研究，对我国畜牧信息服务业的建设与发展有重要的意义。     

激光诊断技术在内燃机研究中的应用及其分析

论述了在内燃机缸内速度测量、喷雾粒子粒度测量及燃烧过程温度和组分浓度测量中常用的激光诊断技术和测试方法,并对其工作原理、适用范围与场合、优缺点等进行了比较和分析。相位多谱勒粒子测速(PDPA)技术比较适合于单点速度、粒子尺寸及其分布的测量;粒子图像测速(PIV)技术适合于缸内二维平面速度场的测量;激光全息术是分析喷雾特性的有效途径和测量喷雾液滴尺寸的标准方法;平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)法已成为喷雾、燃烧过程组分浓度及火焰结构研究的重要工具。     

水力机械空化空蚀问题的研究进展

从水力机械空化现象的产生机理出发,综述了国内外空化空蚀问题理论分析、数值模拟和试验研究的现状,简要叙述了各种研究方法的优点和特点.通过分析归纳理论分析、数值模拟和试验研究这三者之间的内在联系,指出空化模型理论和可视化空化试验是目前的研究重点.在对相关研究进行总结的基础上,阐述了水力机械空化空蚀研究的发展趋势为,数值模拟理论和技术的深入完善、可视化技术的广泛应用和空蚀在线监测系统的开发;而空化空蚀问题的确切机理将是未来研究工作的重点.     

对乙酰氨基酚对大鼠原代肝细胞的损伤机制

胶原酶两步灌流法获取SD大鼠的原代肝细胞,并用不同剂量的对乙酰氨基酚处理.MTT法测定肝细胞的存活率,分光光度法测定培养上清液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的含量.Western blotting法测定大鼠肝细胞中细胞色素P450酶2E1(CYP2E1)的表达水平.结果表明,对乙酰氨基酚可导致肝细胞存活率降低,LDH含量显著升高,CYP2E1表达增加.说明达到一定的剂量时.对乙酰氨基酚可引起肝细胞的损伤.     

高等院校农业科技推广人员激励模式初探

农业科技推广是实现科技成果转化的重要桥梁,是联系科研、教育、生产的重要纽带,是促进农业技术进步、实现农业现代化的重要手段。以大学为依托的农业推广体系,是对以政府为主体的推广体系的有效补充。通过对高等农业院校推广队伍存在的主要问题进行分析,提出了建立推广人员物质激励与精神激励两种模式,并进行了具体分析。     

吉林省玉米产业的运行机制研究

吉林省由于区位因素、资源禀赋造成玉米成为吉林省农业不可替代的主导产业。玉米生产又出现销售难、收储难、农民收入增长难,摆脱这种状况的现实的选择是以玉米生产为基础,构建一个全方位、系列化、具有多重产业关联度的玉米产业框架,建立合理的玉米产业运行机制,提高玉米产业的运行效率。